# tumor microenvironment

Spatial transcriptomics analysis has long clustered at a single scale, so cells, neighboring cell groups and tissue regions were handled separately. SpatialZoomer applies a set of spectral graph low-pass filters to extract spatial molecular features at the single-cell, niche and domain scales from one dataset, and locates critical scales by partitioning a cross-scale similarity map. In Alzheimer's disease and tumor microenvironment data it identified disease-progression signals at specific scales and spatial context-dependent cell subtypes, matching or exceeding existing methods on single-scale tasks with lower compute and hardware demands.

Spatial transcriptomics analysis has long clustered at a single scale, so cells, neighboring cell groups and tissue regions were handled separately. SpatialZoomer applies a set of spectral graph low-pass filters to extract spatial molecular features at the single-cell, niche and domain scales from one dataset, and locates critical scales by partitioning a cross-scale similarity map. In Alzheimer's disease and tumor microenvironment data it identified disease-progression signals at specific scales and spatial context-dependent cell subtypes, matching or exceeding existing methods on single-scale tasks with lower compute and hardware demands.

This review synthesizes the clinical evidence and resistance mechanisms for immunotherapy in ovarian cancer, noting that single-agent immune checkpoint inhibitors achieve objective response rates generally below 15% in recurrent disease, that the clearest added benefit appears in chemotherapy-based combinations for PD-L1-positive platinum-resistant disease (e.g., in ENGOT-ov65/KEYNOTE-B96, median overall survival 18.2 vs 14.0 months in the CPS >=1 population, HR 0.

This review synthesizes the clinical evidence and resistance mechanisms for immunotherapy in ovarian cancer, noting that single-agent immune checkpoint inhibitors achieve objective response rates generally below 15% in recurrent disease, that the clearest added benefit appears in chemotherapy-based combinations for PD-L1-positive platinum-resistant disease (e.g., in ENGOT-ov65/KEYNOTE-B96, median overall survival 18.2 vs 14.0 months in the CPS >=1 population, HR 0.

This review outlines the historical development of therapeutic cancer vaccines, neoantigen identification strategies, and recent progress across DNA, RNA, peptide, cellular, and viral vaccine platforms, and discusses key mechanisms shaping vaccine response and resistance, including pattern-recognition receptor signaling, dendritic cell-mediated antigen presentation, T-cell effector and memory differentiation, metabolic adaptation, epitope spreading, and tumor microenvironment remodeling, proposing that future vaccines be developed as integrated immunological systems coordinating antigen discovery, precise delivery, innate immune calibration, memory maintenance, and local immune suppression reversal.

This review outlines the historical development of therapeutic cancer vaccines, neoantigen identification strategies, and recent progress across DNA, RNA, peptide, cellular, and viral vaccine platforms, and discusses key mechanisms shaping vaccine response and resistance, including pattern-recognition receptor signaling, dendritic cell-mediated antigen presentation, T-cell effector and memory differentiation, metabolic adaptation, epitope spreading, and tumor microenvironment remodeling, proposing that future vaccines be developed as integrated immunological systems coordinating antigen discovery, precise delivery, innate immune calibration, memory maintenance, and local immune suppression reversal.