Medicine & Health

466 items

Amazon Science Sep 22, 2026
This article presents three efforts from Amazon Bio Discovery: MochiBind, a sequence-only predictor that reframes binding affinity as pairwise comparison aggregated by TrueSkill into a global ranking, achieving higher pairwise accuracy than every structure-based baseline on four held-out antigens and scoring 200,000 antibody pairs in roughly 13 seconds on a CPU; CA-MAP, a context-aware multi-property predictor that uses example antibodies in the prompt to absorb batch offsets, holding a 0.99 correlation under a simulated batch effect where standard fine-tuning falls to 0.
This article presents three efforts from Amazon Bio Discovery: MochiBind, a sequence-only predictor that reframes binding affinity as pairwise comparison aggregated by TrueSkill into a global ranking, achieving higher pairwise accuracy than every structure-based baseline on four held-out antigens and scoring 200,000 antibody pairs in roughly 13 seconds on a CPU; CA-MAP, a context-aware multi-property predictor that uses example antibodies in the prompt to absorb batch offsets, holding a 0.99 correlation under a simulated batch effect where standard fine-tuning falls to 0.
Designing and Characterizing Antibodies with AI: Three Efforts Spanning Epitope Selection, Affinity Ranking, and Developability Prediction
This article presents three efforts from Amazon Bio Discovery: MochiBind, a sequence-only predictor that reframes binding affinity as pairwise comparison aggregated by TrueSkill into a global ranking, achieving higher pairwise accuracy than every structure-based baseline on four held-out antigens and scoring 200,000 antibody pairs in roughly 13 seconds on a CPU; CA-MAP, a context-aware multi-property predictor that uses example antibodies in the prompt to absorb batch offsets, holding a 0.99 correlation under a simulated batch effect where standard fine-tuning falls to 0.
This article presents three efforts from Amazon Bio Discovery: MochiBind, a sequence-only predictor that reframes binding affinity as pairwise comparison aggregated by TrueSkill into a global ranking, achieving higher pairwise accuracy than every structure-based baseline on four held-out antigens and scoring 200,000 antibody pairs in roughly 13 seconds on a CPU; CA-MAP, a context-aware multi-property predictor that uses example antibodies in the prompt to absorb batch offsets, holding a 0.99 correlation under a simulated batch effect where standard fine-tuning falls to 0.
Nature News Sep 22, 2026
Drawing on a Nature news feature and a Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology review, this column-style summary surveys roughly 20 new cell-death modes described since 1999 — including alkaliptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, cuproptosis, sodium-overload death and ruptosis — showing that how a cell dies shapes the signals it releases to neighbours, tissues and immune responses, and that death is not always irreversible, with 'bucket list' delays and anastasis revival.
Drawing on a Nature news feature and a Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology review, this column-style summary surveys roughly 20 new cell-death modes described since 1999 — including alkaliptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, cuproptosis, sodium-overload death and ruptosis — showing that how a cell dies shapes the signals it releases to neighbours, tissues and immune responses, and that death is not always irreversible, with 'bucket list' delays and anastasis revival.
Many Ways for a Cell to Die: From Apoptosis and Necroptosis to Alkaliptosis and Reversible Death
Drawing on a Nature news feature and a Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology review, this column-style summary surveys roughly 20 new cell-death modes described since 1999 — including alkaliptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, cuproptosis, sodium-overload death and ruptosis — showing that how a cell dies shapes the signals it releases to neighbours, tissues and immune responses, and that death is not always irreversible, with 'bucket list' delays and anastasis revival.
Drawing on a Nature news feature and a Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology review, this column-style summary surveys roughly 20 new cell-death modes described since 1999 — including alkaliptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, cuproptosis, sodium-overload death and ruptosis — showing that how a cell dies shapes the signals it releases to neighbours, tissues and immune responses, and that death is not always irreversible, with 'bucket list' delays and anastasis revival.
arXiv Sep 22, 2026
The work introduces Deep Persona, a psychologically grounded three-layered architecture that organizes personas into observable expression, latent beliefs, and core motivational drives, governed by scripted determinism and bounded agency, together with a reference-free evaluation framework (ADOS-inspired metrics for pragmatic fluency, joint attention, affective congruence, and emotional expression diversity, plus a Mahalanobis-distance Dialogue Naturalness Score, DNS); on human-human and human-LLM dialogue datasets such as DailyDialog and CounselChat, LLMs show high pragmatic fluency (0.88-0.
The work introduces Deep Persona, a psychologically grounded three-layered architecture that organizes personas into observable expression, latent beliefs, and core motivational drives, governed by scripted determinism and bounded agency, together with a reference-free evaluation framework (ADOS-inspired metrics for pragmatic fluency, joint attention, affective congruence, and emotional expression diversity, plus a Mahalanobis-distance Dialogue Naturalness Score, DNS); on human-human and human-LLM dialogue datasets such as DailyDialog and CounselChat, LLMs show high pragmatic fluency (0.88-0.
Deep Persona uses a three-layer persona architecture and an ADOS-inspired evaluation framework, making two clinical simulation personas statistically indistinguishable from human dialogue under a combined baseline
The work introduces Deep Persona, a psychologically grounded three-layered architecture that organizes personas into observable expression, latent beliefs, and core motivational drives, governed by scripted determinism and bounded agency, together with a reference-free evaluation framework (ADOS-inspired metrics for pragmatic fluency, joint attention, affective congruence, and emotional expression diversity, plus a Mahalanobis-distance Dialogue Naturalness Score, DNS); on human-human and human-LLM dialogue datasets such as DailyDialog and CounselChat, LLMs show high pragmatic fluency (0.88-0.
The work introduces Deep Persona, a psychologically grounded three-layered architecture that organizes personas into observable expression, latent beliefs, and core motivational drives, governed by scripted determinism and bounded agency, together with a reference-free evaluation framework (ADOS-inspired metrics for pragmatic fluency, joint attention, affective congruence, and emotional expression diversity, plus a Mahalanobis-distance Dialogue Naturalness Score, DNS); on human-human and human-LLM dialogue datasets such as DailyDialog and CounselChat, LLMs show high pragmatic fluency (0.88-0.
Nature Human Behaviour Sep 22, 2026
In the Tokyo Teen Cohort, 3,171 adolescents (46.9% girls) assessed at ages 12, 14 and 16 showed higher internalizing problems among girls at age 16 — depressive symptoms 15.9% versus 8.2% and suicidal ideation 29.8% versus 18.1% — and, after coproduction with young people identified loneliness and desire for thinness as candidate pathways, mediational g-formula estimates attributed 34.7% of the total effect of female sex on depressive symptoms and 46.3% of that on suicidal ideation to pathways through these factors at age 14, suggesting that social intermediates may contribute to the higher prevalence among girls in this cohort.
In the Tokyo Teen Cohort, 3,171 adolescents (46.9% girls) assessed at ages 12, 14 and 16 showed higher internalizing problems among girls at age 16 — depressive symptoms 15.9% versus 8.2% and suicidal ideation 29.8% versus 18.1% — and, after coproduction with young people identified loneliness and desire for thinness as candidate pathways, mediational g-formula estimates attributed 34.7% of the total effect of female sex on depressive symptoms and 46.3% of that on suicidal ideation to pathways through these factors at age 14, suggesting that social intermediates may contribute to the higher prevalence among girls in this cohort.
Loneliness and desire for thinness as pathways to girls' higher internalizing problems in the Tokyo Teen Cohort
In the Tokyo Teen Cohort, 3,171 adolescents (46.9% girls) assessed at ages 12, 14 and 16 showed higher internalizing problems among girls at age 16 — depressive symptoms 15.9% versus 8.2% and suicidal ideation 29.8% versus 18.1% — and, after coproduction with young people identified loneliness and desire for thinness as candidate pathways, mediational g-formula estimates attributed 34.7% of the total effect of female sex on depressive symptoms and 46.3% of that on suicidal ideation to pathways through these factors at age 14, suggesting that social intermediates may contribute to the higher prevalence among girls in this cohort.
In the Tokyo Teen Cohort, 3,171 adolescents (46.9% girls) assessed at ages 12, 14 and 16 showed higher internalizing problems among girls at age 16 — depressive symptoms 15.9% versus 8.2% and suicidal ideation 29.8% versus 18.1% — and, after coproduction with young people identified loneliness and desire for thinness as candidate pathways, mediational g-formula estimates attributed 34.7% of the total effect of female sex on depressive symptoms and 46.3% of that on suicidal ideation to pathways through these factors at age 14, suggesting that social intermediates may contribute to the higher prevalence among girls in this cohort.
EuroIntervention Sep 21, 2026
Using the TARGET All Comers randomised trial of 1,551 patients, this study developed an artificial intelligence algorithm for real-time automated assessment of radial wall strain (RWS) from routine angiography and evaluated its prognostic value in 1,384 non-target vessels from 802 patients, finding that baseline maximal RWS (RWSmax) ≥13% independently predicted the 5-year non-target vessel-oriented composite endpoint (NT-VOCE) with an adjusted hazard ratio of 4.82 (95% CI 3.14-7.40) and an adjusted AUC of 0.73, with the highest predictive accuracy for non-target vessel revascularisation (adjusted AUC 0.92) and even greater performance in the high-quality angiographic image subgroup (adjusted HR 6.89).
Using the TARGET All Comers randomised trial of 1,551 patients, this study developed an artificial intelligence algorithm for real-time automated assessment of radial wall strain (RWS) from routine angiography and evaluated its prognostic value in 1,384 non-target vessels from 802 patients, finding that baseline maximal RWS (RWSmax) ≥13% independently predicted the 5-year non-target vessel-oriented composite endpoint (NT-VOCE) with an adjusted hazard ratio of 4.82 (95% CI 3.14-7.40) and an adjusted AUC of 0.73, with the highest predictive accuracy for non-target vessel revascularisation (adjusted AUC 0.92) and even greater performance in the high-quality angiographic image subgroup (adjusted HR 6.89).
Radial wall strain for residual risk stratification after percutaneous coronary intervention
Using the TARGET All Comers randomised trial of 1,551 patients, this study developed an artificial intelligence algorithm for real-time automated assessment of radial wall strain (RWS) from routine angiography and evaluated its prognostic value in 1,384 non-target vessels from 802 patients, finding that baseline maximal RWS (RWSmax) ≥13% independently predicted the 5-year non-target vessel-oriented composite endpoint (NT-VOCE) with an adjusted hazard ratio of 4.82 (95% CI 3.14-7.40) and an adjusted AUC of 0.73, with the highest predictive accuracy for non-target vessel revascularisation (adjusted AUC 0.92) and even greater performance in the high-quality angiographic image subgroup (adjusted HR 6.89).
Using the TARGET All Comers randomised trial of 1,551 patients, this study developed an artificial intelligence algorithm for real-time automated assessment of radial wall strain (RWS) from routine angiography and evaluated its prognostic value in 1,384 non-target vessels from 802 patients, finding that baseline maximal RWS (RWSmax) ≥13% independently predicted the 5-year non-target vessel-oriented composite endpoint (NT-VOCE) with an adjusted hazard ratio of 4.82 (95% CI 3.14-7.40) and an adjusted AUC of 0.73, with the highest predictive accuracy for non-target vessel revascularisation (adjusted AUC 0.92) and even greater performance in the high-quality angiographic image subgroup (adjusted HR 6.89).
medRxiv Sep 21, 2026
This work identifies and empirically validates the Online Health Safety Gap: across 704 health narratives (699 classified), two scores computed from non-overlapping feature sets, Narrative Truth Distance for epistemic divergence and Narrative Risk Score for health risk potential, share only 4.9% of their variance (r=0.222, p<0.001), so 39.6% of narratives fall in the two off-diagonal quadrants that single-axis systems mishandle by construction (aligned-but-risky 25.2%, divergent-but-safe 14.4%), and on an expert-labeled misinformation benchmark of 437 posts containing 127 misinformation instances the highest discrimination is Youden J of 0.349, motivating a Classification Quadrant and a shift from fact-centric evaluation to risk-aware assessment.
This work identifies and empirically validates the Online Health Safety Gap: across 704 health narratives (699 classified), two scores computed from non-overlapping feature sets, Narrative Truth Distance for epistemic divergence and Narrative Risk Score for health risk potential, share only 4.9% of their variance (r=0.222, p<0.001), so 39.6% of narratives fall in the two off-diagonal quadrants that single-axis systems mishandle by construction (aligned-but-risky 25.2%, divergent-but-safe 14.4%), and on an expert-labeled misinformation benchmark of 437 posts containing 127 misinformation instances the highest discrimination is Youden J of 0.349, motivating a Classification Quadrant and a shift from fact-centric evaluation to risk-aware assessment.
The Online Health Safety Gap: Consensus Alignment Does Not Imply Safety in Peer-to-Peer Health Narratives
This work identifies and empirically validates the Online Health Safety Gap: across 704 health narratives (699 classified), two scores computed from non-overlapping feature sets, Narrative Truth Distance for epistemic divergence and Narrative Risk Score for health risk potential, share only 4.9% of their variance (r=0.222, p<0.001), so 39.6% of narratives fall in the two off-diagonal quadrants that single-axis systems mishandle by construction (aligned-but-risky 25.2%, divergent-but-safe 14.4%), and on an expert-labeled misinformation benchmark of 437 posts containing 127 misinformation instances the highest discrimination is Youden J of 0.349, motivating a Classification Quadrant and a shift from fact-centric evaluation to risk-aware assessment.
This work identifies and empirically validates the Online Health Safety Gap: across 704 health narratives (699 classified), two scores computed from non-overlapping feature sets, Narrative Truth Distance for epistemic divergence and Narrative Risk Score for health risk potential, share only 4.9% of their variance (r=0.222, p<0.001), so 39.6% of narratives fall in the two off-diagonal quadrants that single-axis systems mishandle by construction (aligned-but-risky 25.2%, divergent-but-safe 14.4%), and on an expert-labeled misinformation benchmark of 437 posts containing 127 misinformation instances the highest discrimination is Youden J of 0.349, motivating a Classification Quadrant and a shift from fact-centric evaluation to risk-aware assessment.
medRxiv Sep 21, 2026
In 1,095 carriers of pathogenic or likely pathogenic sarcomere variants across three international centers, a previously validated AI-ECG model applied to 12-lead ECG images yielded an AUROC of 0.91 for the HCM phenotype at baseline and 0.92 for manifest HCM, a higher AI-ECG score among genotype-positive/phenotype-negative individuals predicted incident HCM during follow-up (unadjusted HR 1.55 per 1-SD; adjusted HR 1.38), and in 57,007 UK Biobank participants the AI-ECG score and a polygenic risk score were independent and additive, with adjusted odds of HCM of 60.2 when both were high.
In 1,095 carriers of pathogenic or likely pathogenic sarcomere variants across three international centers, a previously validated AI-ECG model applied to 12-lead ECG images yielded an AUROC of 0.91 for the HCM phenotype at baseline and 0.92 for manifest HCM, a higher AI-ECG score among genotype-positive/phenotype-negative individuals predicted incident HCM during follow-up (unadjusted HR 1.55 per 1-SD; adjusted HR 1.38), and in 57,007 UK Biobank participants the AI-ECG score and a polygenic risk score were independent and additive, with adjusted odds of HCM of 60.2 when both were high.
Artificial Intelligence-Enhanced Electrocardiography for Detection and Prediction of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy across Monogenic and Polygenic Susceptibility
In 1,095 carriers of pathogenic or likely pathogenic sarcomere variants across three international centers, a previously validated AI-ECG model applied to 12-lead ECG images yielded an AUROC of 0.91 for the HCM phenotype at baseline and 0.92 for manifest HCM, a higher AI-ECG score among genotype-positive/phenotype-negative individuals predicted incident HCM during follow-up (unadjusted HR 1.55 per 1-SD; adjusted HR 1.38), and in 57,007 UK Biobank participants the AI-ECG score and a polygenic risk score were independent and additive, with adjusted odds of HCM of 60.2 when both were high.
In 1,095 carriers of pathogenic or likely pathogenic sarcomere variants across three international centers, a previously validated AI-ECG model applied to 12-lead ECG images yielded an AUROC of 0.91 for the HCM phenotype at baseline and 0.92 for manifest HCM, a higher AI-ECG score among genotype-positive/phenotype-negative individuals predicted incident HCM during follow-up (unadjusted HR 1.55 per 1-SD; adjusted HR 1.38), and in 57,007 UK Biobank participants the AI-ECG score and a polygenic risk score were independent and additive, with adjusted odds of HCM of 60.2 when both were high.
Plastic and reconstructive surgery Sep 21, 2026
This study provides the first large-scale application of an AI-based Facial Authenticity Localization (FAL) model to aesthetic-surgery media, analyzing 600 consecutive postoperative rhinoplasty photographs from RealSelf.com's public gallery and finding suspected digital manipulation in 19.5% (117/600; 95% CI, 16.3-22.7%), with a 1.5% false-positive rate (3/200; 95% CI, 0.51-4.32%) on 200 presumed-unedited clinical photographs and 100% sensitivity (50/50; 95% CI, 93.0-100%) on 50 Facetune-generated geometric warps.
This study provides the first large-scale application of an AI-based Facial Authenticity Localization (FAL) model to aesthetic-surgery media, analyzing 600 consecutive postoperative rhinoplasty photographs from RealSelf.com's public gallery and finding suspected digital manipulation in 19.5% (117/600; 95% CI, 16.3-22.7%), with a 1.5% false-positive rate (3/200; 95% CI, 0.51-4.32%) on 200 presumed-unedited clinical photographs and 100% sensitivity (50/50; 95% CI, 93.0-100%) on 50 Facetune-generated geometric warps.
Detecting Manipulated Online Rhinoplasty Images Using an Artificial Intelligence Facial Authenticity Localization (FAL) Model
This study provides the first large-scale application of an AI-based Facial Authenticity Localization (FAL) model to aesthetic-surgery media, analyzing 600 consecutive postoperative rhinoplasty photographs from RealSelf.com's public gallery and finding suspected digital manipulation in 19.5% (117/600; 95% CI, 16.3-22.7%), with a 1.5% false-positive rate (3/200; 95% CI, 0.51-4.32%) on 200 presumed-unedited clinical photographs and 100% sensitivity (50/50; 95% CI, 93.0-100%) on 50 Facetune-generated geometric warps.
This study provides the first large-scale application of an AI-based Facial Authenticity Localization (FAL) model to aesthetic-surgery media, analyzing 600 consecutive postoperative rhinoplasty photographs from RealSelf.com's public gallery and finding suspected digital manipulation in 19.5% (117/600; 95% CI, 16.3-22.7%), with a 1.5% false-positive rate (3/200; 95% CI, 0.51-4.32%) on 200 presumed-unedited clinical photographs and 100% sensitivity (50/50; 95% CI, 93.0-100%) on 50 Facetune-generated geometric warps.
PLOS global public health Sep 21, 2026
This Opinion article proposes Workforce Science, arguing that amid population ageing, epidemiological transition, widening inequities and the rapid embedding of artificial intelligence, the health and care workforce should be reframed from a supply question of how many workers to educate and employ into a question of how hybrid human–AI capability, generated jointly by people, teams and intelligent technologies, is measured, analysed and stewarded; it offers a construct of effective capability (C*) as a function of education financing, education quality, labour, the human–AI dynamic, governance capacity and the conditions, rights and realities of work, together with a five-layer path of definition, measurement, analysis, governance and stewardship.
This Opinion article proposes Workforce Science, arguing that amid population ageing, epidemiological transition, widening inequities and the rapid embedding of artificial intelligence, the health and care workforce should be reframed from a supply question of how many workers to educate and employ into a question of how hybrid human–AI capability, generated jointly by people, teams and intelligent technologies, is measured, analysed and stewarded; it offers a construct of effective capability (C*) as a function of education financing, education quality, labour, the human–AI dynamic, governance capacity and the conditions, rights and realities of work, together with a five-layer path of definition, measurement, analysis, governance and stewardship.
Reframing the health workforce as a hybrid human–AI capability asset: the proposal of Workforce Science
This Opinion article proposes Workforce Science, arguing that amid population ageing, epidemiological transition, widening inequities and the rapid embedding of artificial intelligence, the health and care workforce should be reframed from a supply question of how many workers to educate and employ into a question of how hybrid human–AI capability, generated jointly by people, teams and intelligent technologies, is measured, analysed and stewarded; it offers a construct of effective capability (C*) as a function of education financing, education quality, labour, the human–AI dynamic, governance capacity and the conditions, rights and realities of work, together with a five-layer path of definition, measurement, analysis, governance and stewardship.
This Opinion article proposes Workforce Science, arguing that amid population ageing, epidemiological transition, widening inequities and the rapid embedding of artificial intelligence, the health and care workforce should be reframed from a supply question of how many workers to educate and employ into a question of how hybrid human–AI capability, generated jointly by people, teams and intelligent technologies, is measured, analysed and stewarded; it offers a construct of effective capability (C*) as a function of education financing, education quality, labour, the human–AI dynamic, governance capacity and the conditions, rights and realities of work, together with a five-layer path of definition, measurement, analysis, governance and stewardship.
medRxiv Sep 21, 2026
Using a sample of 20 U.S. osteopathic medical schools and eight educational vignettes yielding 160 school-vignette pairs, each assessed in three AI-assisted retrieval-and-evaluation runs and classified as Explicitly Supported, Inferable, Ambiguous, or Not Addressed, the study found that at least one eligible source was retrieved for 159 of 160 pairs (99.4%) yet only 21 pairs (13.1%) were grouped as sufficiently supported, most often for generative AI-assisted reflective writing (7/20 schools, 35%) and in no case for personal cloud notes or official clinical logs.
Using a sample of 20 U.S. osteopathic medical schools and eight educational vignettes yielding 160 school-vignette pairs, each assessed in three AI-assisted retrieval-and-evaluation runs and classified as Explicitly Supported, Inferable, Ambiguous, or Not Addressed, the study found that at least one eligible source was retrieved for 159 of 160 pairs (99.4%) yet only 21 pairs (13.1%) were grouped as sufficiently supported, most often for generative AI-assisted reflective writing (7/20 schools, 35%) and in no case for personal cloud notes or official clinical logs.
Decision Support in Publicly Available Patient Information Policies at U.S. Osteopathic Medical Schools: A Vignette-Based Document Analysis
Using a sample of 20 U.S. osteopathic medical schools and eight educational vignettes yielding 160 school-vignette pairs, each assessed in three AI-assisted retrieval-and-evaluation runs and classified as Explicitly Supported, Inferable, Ambiguous, or Not Addressed, the study found that at least one eligible source was retrieved for 159 of 160 pairs (99.4%) yet only 21 pairs (13.1%) were grouped as sufficiently supported, most often for generative AI-assisted reflective writing (7/20 schools, 35%) and in no case for personal cloud notes or official clinical logs.
Using a sample of 20 U.S. osteopathic medical schools and eight educational vignettes yielding 160 school-vignette pairs, each assessed in three AI-assisted retrieval-and-evaluation runs and classified as Explicitly Supported, Inferable, Ambiguous, or Not Addressed, the study found that at least one eligible source was retrieved for 159 of 160 pairs (99.4%) yet only 21 pairs (13.1%) were grouped as sufficiently supported, most often for generative AI-assisted reflective writing (7/20 schools, 35%) and in no case for personal cloud notes or official clinical logs.

Page 23 · showing 10