Medicine & Health

455 items

Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma Oct 1, 2026
In this single-center retrospective cohort of 197 geriatric patients who underwent fixation of OTA/AO 31-A/B/C hip fractures, an AI-driven Clinical Deterioration Index (CDI, 0–100 from 31 clinical measures) measured in the first 48 postoperative hours identified 15 patients (7.6%) with CDI ≥65 who had more complications (93.3% vs 26.4%), longer stays (10.1 vs 5.2 days), shorter discharge ambulation (8.8 vs 42.3 feet), and higher one-year mortality (20.0% vs 3.8%), while the institutional cutoff of 65 showed high specificity (99.3%) but low sensitivity (22.6%) and an optimized threshold of 47.7 raised sensitivity to 77.4% with comparable accuracy (75.0%).
In this single-center retrospective cohort of 197 geriatric patients who underwent fixation of OTA/AO 31-A/B/C hip fractures, an AI-driven Clinical Deterioration Index (CDI, 0–100 from 31 clinical measures) measured in the first 48 postoperative hours identified 15 patients (7.6%) with CDI ≥65 who had more complications (93.3% vs 26.4%), longer stays (10.1 vs 5.2 days), shorter discharge ambulation (8.8 vs 42.3 feet), and higher one-year mortality (20.0% vs 3.8%), while the institutional cutoff of 65 showed high specificity (99.3%) but low sensitivity (22.6%) and an optimized threshold of 47.7 raised sensitivity to 77.4% with comparable accuracy (75.0%).
AI-Driven Clinical Deterioration Index Flags High-Risk Geriatric Hip Fracture Patients After Surgery: 93.3% Complication Rate and 20.0% One-Year Mortality at CDI ≥65
In this single-center retrospective cohort of 197 geriatric patients who underwent fixation of OTA/AO 31-A/B/C hip fractures, an AI-driven Clinical Deterioration Index (CDI, 0–100 from 31 clinical measures) measured in the first 48 postoperative hours identified 15 patients (7.6%) with CDI ≥65 who had more complications (93.3% vs 26.4%), longer stays (10.1 vs 5.2 days), shorter discharge ambulation (8.8 vs 42.3 feet), and higher one-year mortality (20.0% vs 3.8%), while the institutional cutoff of 65 showed high specificity (99.3%) but low sensitivity (22.6%) and an optimized threshold of 47.7 raised sensitivity to 77.4% with comparable accuracy (75.0%).
In this single-center retrospective cohort of 197 geriatric patients who underwent fixation of OTA/AO 31-A/B/C hip fractures, an AI-driven Clinical Deterioration Index (CDI, 0–100 from 31 clinical measures) measured in the first 48 postoperative hours identified 15 patients (7.6%) with CDI ≥65 who had more complications (93.3% vs 26.4%), longer stays (10.1 vs 5.2 days), shorter discharge ambulation (8.8 vs 42.3 feet), and higher one-year mortality (20.0% vs 3.8%), while the institutional cutoff of 65 showed high specificity (99.3%) but low sensitivity (22.6%) and an optimized threshold of 47.7 raised sensitivity to 77.4% with comparable accuracy (75.0%).
Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Oct 1, 2026
This retrospective study analyzed patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair between January 2021 and December 2024, using 1:1 nearest-neighbor propensity score matching to compare 280 patients who received perioperative celecoxib plus dexamethasone with 280 who did not, and found an overall one-year recurrence rate of 5.0% (28/560), an independent association between treatment and lower recurrence risk (HR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.24-0.84, P=0.011), a significant interaction with BMI (P=0.032) with a stronger association in obese patients (HR=0.32, 95% CI: 0.14-0.71) than non-obese patients (HR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.31-1.52), along with lower acute pain scores, less postoperative nausea and vomiting (P<0.001), lower chronic pain risk (aOR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.23-0.78, P=0.
This retrospective study analyzed patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair between January 2021 and December 2024, using 1:1 nearest-neighbor propensity score matching to compare 280 patients who received perioperative celecoxib plus dexamethasone with 280 who did not, and found an overall one-year recurrence rate of 5.0% (28/560), an independent association between treatment and lower recurrence risk (HR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.24-0.84, P=0.011), a significant interaction with BMI (P=0.032) with a stronger association in obese patients (HR=0.32, 95% CI: 0.14-0.71) than non-obese patients (HR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.31-1.52), along with lower acute pain scores, less postoperative nausea and vomiting (P<0.001), lower chronic pain risk (aOR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.23-0.78, P=0.
Perioperative celecoxib plus dexamethasone after inguinal hernia repair is linked to lower one-year recurrence, with a stronger association in obese patients
This retrospective study analyzed patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair between January 2021 and December 2024, using 1:1 nearest-neighbor propensity score matching to compare 280 patients who received perioperative celecoxib plus dexamethasone with 280 who did not, and found an overall one-year recurrence rate of 5.0% (28/560), an independent association between treatment and lower recurrence risk (HR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.24-0.84, P=0.011), a significant interaction with BMI (P=0.032) with a stronger association in obese patients (HR=0.32, 95% CI: 0.14-0.71) than non-obese patients (HR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.31-1.52), along with lower acute pain scores, less postoperative nausea and vomiting (P<0.001), lower chronic pain risk (aOR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.23-0.78, P=0.
This retrospective study analyzed patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair between January 2021 and December 2024, using 1:1 nearest-neighbor propensity score matching to compare 280 patients who received perioperative celecoxib plus dexamethasone with 280 who did not, and found an overall one-year recurrence rate of 5.0% (28/560), an independent association between treatment and lower recurrence risk (HR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.24-0.84, P=0.011), a significant interaction with BMI (P=0.032) with a stronger association in obese patients (HR=0.32, 95% CI: 0.14-0.71) than non-obese patients (HR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.31-1.52), along with lower acute pain scores, less postoperative nausea and vomiting (P<0.001), lower chronic pain risk (aOR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.23-0.78, P=0.
发表出处待核验 Oct 1, 2026
This commentary, responding to Stein et al.'s critical review of big data in psychiatry, argues that psychiatry has swung from 'all theory and no data' to 'all data and no theory,' and proposes three directions: greater consideration of theory in big data use, development of idiographic psychiatry, and integration of generative AI into psychiatric research and practice.
This commentary, responding to Stein et al.'s critical review of big data in psychiatry, argues that psychiatry has swung from 'all theory and no data' to 'all data and no theory,' and proposes three directions: greater consideration of theory in big data use, development of idiographic psychiatry, and integration of generative AI into psychiatric research and practice.
Author argues psychiatry big data needs theory-driven, within-person intensive sampling and generative AI integration to address atheoretical predictive research
This commentary, responding to Stein et al.'s critical review of big data in psychiatry, argues that psychiatry has swung from 'all theory and no data' to 'all data and no theory,' and proposes three directions: greater consideration of theory in big data use, development of idiographic psychiatry, and integration of generative AI into psychiatric research and practice.
This commentary, responding to Stein et al.'s critical review of big data in psychiatry, argues that psychiatry has swung from 'all theory and no data' to 'all data and no theory,' and proposes three directions: greater consideration of theory in big data use, development of idiographic psychiatry, and integration of generative AI into psychiatric research and practice.
Journal of Nursing Research Oct 1, 2026
Using a qualitative descriptive design with focus group interviews conducted in South Korea between February and August 2024, this study interviewed 10 nursing applicants with prior AI-based competency assessment (AICA) experience and 10 nurse educators (professors and nurse managers), and through conventional content analysis derived eight subthemes and four themes from 32 codes, finding that participants recognized AICA's efficiency and objectivity for large-scale recruitment while questioning opaque evaluation criteria, misalignment with person-centered nursing values, and fairness risks from network, lighting, device, and information-support gaps, and recommending nurse-specific algorithms, clear criteria, and positioning AI as a support to face-to-face interviews.
Using a qualitative descriptive design with focus group interviews conducted in South Korea between February and August 2024, this study interviewed 10 nursing applicants with prior AI-based competency assessment (AICA) experience and 10 nurse educators (professors and nurse managers), and through conventional content analysis derived eight subthemes and four themes from 32 codes, finding that participants recognized AICA's efficiency and objectivity for large-scale recruitment while questioning opaque evaluation criteria, misalignment with person-centered nursing values, and fairness risks from network, lighting, device, and information-support gaps, and recommending nurse-specific algorithms, clear criteria, and positioning AI as a support to face-to-face interviews.
Interviews with 20 Korean nursing applicants and educators find AI competency assessments efficient but opaque in criteria and weak on nursing's human core
Using a qualitative descriptive design with focus group interviews conducted in South Korea between February and August 2024, this study interviewed 10 nursing applicants with prior AI-based competency assessment (AICA) experience and 10 nurse educators (professors and nurse managers), and through conventional content analysis derived eight subthemes and four themes from 32 codes, finding that participants recognized AICA's efficiency and objectivity for large-scale recruitment while questioning opaque evaluation criteria, misalignment with person-centered nursing values, and fairness risks from network, lighting, device, and information-support gaps, and recommending nurse-specific algorithms, clear criteria, and positioning AI as a support to face-to-face interviews.
Using a qualitative descriptive design with focus group interviews conducted in South Korea between February and August 2024, this study interviewed 10 nursing applicants with prior AI-based competency assessment (AICA) experience and 10 nurse educators (professors and nurse managers), and through conventional content analysis derived eight subthemes and four themes from 32 codes, finding that participants recognized AICA's efficiency and objectivity for large-scale recruitment while questioning opaque evaluation criteria, misalignment with person-centered nursing values, and fairness risks from network, lighting, device, and information-support gaps, and recommending nurse-specific algorithms, clear criteria, and positioning AI as a support to face-to-face interviews.
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) Oct 1, 2026
The work developed and characterized two deferoxamine-loaded topical formulations, a polymeric film and a hydrogel, based on Opuntia ficus-indica mucilage, aimed at wound-dressing applications.
The work developed and characterized two deferoxamine-loaded topical formulations, a polymeric film and a hydrogel, based on Opuntia ficus-indica mucilage, aimed at wound-dressing applications.
Deferoxamine-loaded topical film and hydrogel were developed from Opuntia ficus-indica mucilage for wound-dressing use
The work developed and characterized two deferoxamine-loaded topical formulations, a polymeric film and a hydrogel, based on Opuntia ficus-indica mucilage, aimed at wound-dressing applications.
The work developed and characterized two deferoxamine-loaded topical formulations, a polymeric film and a hydrogel, based on Opuntia ficus-indica mucilage, aimed at wound-dressing applications.
Dentomaxillofacial Radiology Oct 1, 2026
This phantom study acquired lateral cephalometric radiographs of an adult dry human skull phantom at the routine dose (80 kVp, 200 mA, 100 ms; DAP 270 mGy cm2) and at 60%, 40%, 20%, and 10% of that dose, applied two levels of non-artificial-intelligence sharpening with the Medical Image Enhancer software (mild: sharpening strength 55%, contrast ratio 20%; marked: 70%/70%), and had six reviewers rate the visibility of five reference points and soft tissue using Scheffe's method of paired comparisons with ordinal logistic regression odds ratios relative to the 100%-dose image; mildly sharpened 60%-dose images gave ORs above 1.
This phantom study acquired lateral cephalometric radiographs of an adult dry human skull phantom at the routine dose (80 kVp, 200 mA, 100 ms; DAP 270 mGy cm2) and at 60%, 40%, 20%, and 10% of that dose, applied two levels of non-artificial-intelligence sharpening with the Medical Image Enhancer software (mild: sharpening strength 55%, contrast ratio 20%; marked: 70%/70%), and had six reviewers rate the visibility of five reference points and soft tissue using Scheffe's method of paired comparisons with ordinal logistic regression odds ratios relative to the 100%-dose image; mildly sharpened 60%-dose images gave ORs above 1.
Non-AI image sharpening made landmark visibility on 60%-dose lateral cephalometric radiographs comparable to routine 100% dose, and markedly sharpened images were significantly superior at 60% and 40% dose
This phantom study acquired lateral cephalometric radiographs of an adult dry human skull phantom at the routine dose (80 kVp, 200 mA, 100 ms; DAP 270 mGy cm2) and at 60%, 40%, 20%, and 10% of that dose, applied two levels of non-artificial-intelligence sharpening with the Medical Image Enhancer software (mild: sharpening strength 55%, contrast ratio 20%; marked: 70%/70%), and had six reviewers rate the visibility of five reference points and soft tissue using Scheffe's method of paired comparisons with ordinal logistic regression odds ratios relative to the 100%-dose image; mildly sharpened 60%-dose images gave ORs above 1.
This phantom study acquired lateral cephalometric radiographs of an adult dry human skull phantom at the routine dose (80 kVp, 200 mA, 100 ms; DAP 270 mGy cm2) and at 60%, 40%, 20%, and 10% of that dose, applied two levels of non-artificial-intelligence sharpening with the Medical Image Enhancer software (mild: sharpening strength 55%, contrast ratio 20%; marked: 70%/70%), and had six reviewers rate the visibility of five reference points and soft tissue using Scheffe's method of paired comparisons with ordinal logistic regression odds ratios relative to the 100%-dose image; mildly sharpened 60%-dose images gave ORs above 1.
发表出处待核验 Oct 1, 2026
Using a three-round modified Delphi method, a 45-member panel of clinicians and researchers in diabetes, obesity and/or eating disorders plus people with lived experience reached an average 91.7% consensus on recommendations for GLP-1 receptor agonist use in eating disorder contexts, covering pre-treatment screening, risk-stratified monitoring, standardized educational materials and concurrent evidence-based psychotherapy, stating that these agents should generally be avoided in active eating disorders, particularly anorexia nervosa, atypical anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa with marked dietary restraint and/or significant weight suppression, and setting out research priorities in epidemiology, regulation and binge eating disorder trials.
Using a three-round modified Delphi method, a 45-member panel of clinicians and researchers in diabetes, obesity and/or eating disorders plus people with lived experience reached an average 91.7% consensus on recommendations for GLP-1 receptor agonist use in eating disorder contexts, covering pre-treatment screening, risk-stratified monitoring, standardized educational materials and concurrent evidence-based psychotherapy, stating that these agents should generally be avoided in active eating disorders, particularly anorexia nervosa, atypical anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa with marked dietary restraint and/or significant weight suppression, and setting out research priorities in epidemiology, regulation and binge eating disorder trials.
A 45-member modified Delphi consensus: screen for eating disorders before GLP-1 receptor agonist prescribing, and generally avoid these agents in active anorexia and bulimia nervosa
Using a three-round modified Delphi method, a 45-member panel of clinicians and researchers in diabetes, obesity and/or eating disorders plus people with lived experience reached an average 91.7% consensus on recommendations for GLP-1 receptor agonist use in eating disorder contexts, covering pre-treatment screening, risk-stratified monitoring, standardized educational materials and concurrent evidence-based psychotherapy, stating that these agents should generally be avoided in active eating disorders, particularly anorexia nervosa, atypical anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa with marked dietary restraint and/or significant weight suppression, and setting out research priorities in epidemiology, regulation and binge eating disorder trials.
Using a three-round modified Delphi method, a 45-member panel of clinicians and researchers in diabetes, obesity and/or eating disorders plus people with lived experience reached an average 91.7% consensus on recommendations for GLP-1 receptor agonist use in eating disorder contexts, covering pre-treatment screening, risk-stratified monitoring, standardized educational materials and concurrent evidence-based psychotherapy, stating that these agents should generally be avoided in active eating disorders, particularly anorexia nervosa, atypical anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa with marked dietary restraint and/or significant weight suppression, and setting out research priorities in epidemiology, regulation and binge eating disorder trials.
Retina Oct 1, 2026
The study pretrained StyleGAN3 and Medfusion on an auxiliary dataset, curated synthetic images through a domain-matched Oracle network using Latent Space Rejection Sampling and Class-Conditioned SDEdit Escalation, and evaluated downstream grading on the Indian DR Image Dataset across ConvNeXt, ResNet50, and VGG16 with five random seeds, finding that a real-data-only ConvNeXt baseline reached a quadratic weighted kappa of 0.6350 ± 0.0135, curated StyleGAN3 augmentation raised it to 0.7185 ± 0.0309, Medfusion augmentation reached 0.7695 ± 0.0254 (an absolute improvement of 0.1345), and Medfusion doubled proliferative DR recall from 0.2615 ± 0.1595 to 0.5385 ± 0.0942.
The study pretrained StyleGAN3 and Medfusion on an auxiliary dataset, curated synthetic images through a domain-matched Oracle network using Latent Space Rejection Sampling and Class-Conditioned SDEdit Escalation, and evaluated downstream grading on the Indian DR Image Dataset across ConvNeXt, ResNet50, and VGG16 with five random seeds, finding that a real-data-only ConvNeXt baseline reached a quadratic weighted kappa of 0.6350 ± 0.0135, curated StyleGAN3 augmentation raised it to 0.7185 ± 0.0309, Medfusion augmentation reached 0.7695 ± 0.0254 (an absolute improvement of 0.1345), and Medfusion doubled proliferative DR recall from 0.2615 ± 0.1595 to 0.5385 ± 0.0942.
Oracle-curated synthetic fundus images lift ConvNeXt diabetic retinopathy grading kappa from 0.6350 to 0.7695 and double proliferative DR recall
The study pretrained StyleGAN3 and Medfusion on an auxiliary dataset, curated synthetic images through a domain-matched Oracle network using Latent Space Rejection Sampling and Class-Conditioned SDEdit Escalation, and evaluated downstream grading on the Indian DR Image Dataset across ConvNeXt, ResNet50, and VGG16 with five random seeds, finding that a real-data-only ConvNeXt baseline reached a quadratic weighted kappa of 0.6350 ± 0.0135, curated StyleGAN3 augmentation raised it to 0.7185 ± 0.0309, Medfusion augmentation reached 0.7695 ± 0.0254 (an absolute improvement of 0.1345), and Medfusion doubled proliferative DR recall from 0.2615 ± 0.1595 to 0.5385 ± 0.0942.
The study pretrained StyleGAN3 and Medfusion on an auxiliary dataset, curated synthetic images through a domain-matched Oracle network using Latent Space Rejection Sampling and Class-Conditioned SDEdit Escalation, and evaluated downstream grading on the Indian DR Image Dataset across ConvNeXt, ResNet50, and VGG16 with five random seeds, finding that a real-data-only ConvNeXt baseline reached a quadratic weighted kappa of 0.6350 ± 0.0135, curated StyleGAN3 augmentation raised it to 0.7185 ± 0.0309, Medfusion augmentation reached 0.7695 ± 0.0254 (an absolute improvement of 0.1345), and Medfusion doubled proliferative DR recall from 0.2615 ± 0.1595 to 0.5385 ± 0.0942.
Cancer Oct 1, 2026
Using Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research registry data, this study evaluated 541 patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma who received commercial cilta-cel between March 2022 and December 2023 and found that 183 (33.8%) were frail by an adapted simplified frailty score; overall response rates were comparable (82.8% vs. 88.5%), but frail patients had worse 12-month progression-free survival (62.7% vs. 75.9%) and overall survival (72.8% vs. 90.4%) and more any-grade ICANS (32.2% vs. 17.6%), with frailty independently predicting worse PFS (HR 1.67), OS (HR 2.46), and any-grade ICANS (OR 2.01) on multivariable analysis.
Using Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research registry data, this study evaluated 541 patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma who received commercial cilta-cel between March 2022 and December 2023 and found that 183 (33.8%) were frail by an adapted simplified frailty score; overall response rates were comparable (82.8% vs. 88.5%), but frail patients had worse 12-month progression-free survival (62.7% vs. 75.9%) and overall survival (72.8% vs. 90.4%) and more any-grade ICANS (32.2% vs. 17.6%), with frailty independently predicting worse PFS (HR 1.67), OS (HR 2.46), and any-grade ICANS (OR 2.01) on multivariable analysis.
CIBMTR real-world data: about one-third of multiple myeloma patients receiving cilta-cel are frail, with 12-month PFS of 62.7% and OS of 72.8% and doubled ICANS risk
Using Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research registry data, this study evaluated 541 patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma who received commercial cilta-cel between March 2022 and December 2023 and found that 183 (33.8%) were frail by an adapted simplified frailty score; overall response rates were comparable (82.8% vs. 88.5%), but frail patients had worse 12-month progression-free survival (62.7% vs. 75.9%) and overall survival (72.8% vs. 90.4%) and more any-grade ICANS (32.2% vs. 17.6%), with frailty independently predicting worse PFS (HR 1.67), OS (HR 2.46), and any-grade ICANS (OR 2.01) on multivariable analysis.
Using Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research registry data, this study evaluated 541 patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma who received commercial cilta-cel between March 2022 and December 2023 and found that 183 (33.8%) were frail by an adapted simplified frailty score; overall response rates were comparable (82.8% vs. 88.5%), but frail patients had worse 12-month progression-free survival (62.7% vs. 75.9%) and overall survival (72.8% vs. 90.4%) and more any-grade ICANS (32.2% vs. 17.6%), with frailty independently predicting worse PFS (HR 1.67), OS (HR 2.46), and any-grade ICANS (OR 2.01) on multivariable analysis.
Urogynecology Oct 1, 2026
In this cross-sectional study, six urogynecologists developed six questions comparing two treatment options for common urogynecological conditions and entered them into ChatGPT to create decision aid tools; patients and physicians then rated understandability with a Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool, physicians rated reliability with a modified DISCERN instrument and accuracy on a 5-point Likert scale, and readability was assessed with the Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease score, showing high patient and physician understandability for all tools, fair reliability with an average mDISCERN score of 26, accuracy below 4 (unfavorable) on 2 of the tools, and a high reading level required overall.
In this cross-sectional study, six urogynecologists developed six questions comparing two treatment options for common urogynecological conditions and entered them into ChatGPT to create decision aid tools; patients and physicians then rated understandability with a Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool, physicians rated reliability with a modified DISCERN instrument and accuracy on a 5-point Likert scale, and readability was assessed with the Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease score, showing high patient and physician understandability for all tools, fair reliability with an average mDISCERN score of 26, accuracy below 4 (unfavorable) on 2 of the tools, and a high reading level required overall.
ChatGPT-generated surgical decision aids for pelvic floor disorders had high patient understandability, but about 30% of topics fell short on accuracy and overall readability was high
In this cross-sectional study, six urogynecologists developed six questions comparing two treatment options for common urogynecological conditions and entered them into ChatGPT to create decision aid tools; patients and physicians then rated understandability with a Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool, physicians rated reliability with a modified DISCERN instrument and accuracy on a 5-point Likert scale, and readability was assessed with the Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease score, showing high patient and physician understandability for all tools, fair reliability with an average mDISCERN score of 26, accuracy below 4 (unfavorable) on 2 of the tools, and a high reading level required overall.
In this cross-sectional study, six urogynecologists developed six questions comparing two treatment options for common urogynecological conditions and entered them into ChatGPT to create decision aid tools; patients and physicians then rated understandability with a Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool, physicians rated reliability with a modified DISCERN instrument and accuracy on a 5-point Likert scale, and readability was assessed with the Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease score, showing high patient and physician understandability for all tools, fair reliability with an average mDISCERN score of 26, accuracy below 4 (unfavorable) on 2 of the tools, and a high reading level required overall.

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