Medicine & Health
461 items
A deep learning model using pre-reduction radiographs and clinical-demographic data predicted hand surgeons' surgical recommendations for distal radial fractures, reaching 87.14% accuracy and 97% sensitivity on the test set
This feasibility study trained a convolutional neural network on pre-reduction injury radiographs and combined its outputs with clinical and demographic data in a random forest model to predict whether a group of fellowship-trained hand surgeons at one institution would recommend operative intervention for distal radial fractures in 1,040 patients (884 training, 156 testing); on the test set the combined model achieved 87.14% accuracy, 97% sensitivity, 73% specificity, an area under the ROC curve of 0.96, and a Brier score of 0.10, with Grad-CAM indicating the CNN focused on clinically relevant features such as fracture displacement and SHAP highlighting age and lateral wrist radiographs as key contributors.
Linear model of coregionalization and co-kriging across 38 Indonesian provinces: moderate spatial dependence (SDP = 68.78%) with the highest predicted stunting in the east
Using 2024 data for 38 Indonesian provinces on stunting prevalence and nine determinants (low birth weight, safe drinking water, Human Development Index, mean years of schooling, poverty rate, exclusive breastfeeding coverage, mean maternal age at first marriage, antenatal care coverage, and pediatric health service coverage), the study jointly fitted direct and cross semivariograms under a linear model of coregionalization, selected LMC = Nug + Sph(600km), and found moderate spatial dependence of stunting (SDP = 68.
Paeonol reduced lesions in LL-37-induced rosacea-like mice, correlating with suppressed S100A9-NF-κB signaling
Using network pharmacology to predict shared targets of paeonol and rosacea, then validating in an LL-37-induced rosacea-like BALB/c mouse model, the study found that 150 mg/kg paeonol markedly lowered redness area and score, reduced inflammatory cell and CD4+ T-cell infiltration and angiogenesis, and downregulated S100A9 and p65 phosphorylation, indicating its effects correlate with suppressed S100A9-NF-κB signaling.
Pulse wave velocity from 165,549 smartwatches rose with age, male sex and BMI, and those at ≥10 m/s had higher cardiovascular disease prevalence
This cross-sectional study analyzed 165,549 users across 34 Chinese provinces and cities who completed at least one valid smartwatch-measured pulse wave velocity (SW-PWV) reading on compatible Huawei watches between December 2020 and August 2022, of whom 35,402 completed the "Vascular Health" app questionnaire; SW-PWV correlated positively with age (r=.6323), male sex and BMI (r=.1981), was significantly elevated in participants with hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease, stroke and carotid plaque (with hypertension and carotid plaque showing the strongest correlations), discriminated prevalent cardiovascular disease with an AUC of 0.71, and at the guideline cfPWV threshold of 10 m/s showed 13.6% sensitivity and 96.
On a synthetic pulmonary-artery benchmark, biomarker supervision cut 4D flow MRI pulsatility-index error from 17.12% to 12.76%
The study trained a 3D residual channel attention network (RCAN) for 2x super-resolution of 4D flow MRI on a synthetic pulmonary-artery benchmark and found that adding biomarker supervision reduced pulsatility-index (PI) error under both regularization conditions (in the original primary comparison, 12.76 +/- 2.34% vs. 17.12 +/- 1.23%; paired difference -4.35 percentage points [95% CI -5.58, -3.09]; p = 0.0015), while PI improvement was not mirrored by uniformly improved reconstruction metrics (PSNR changes were not significant; SSIM decreased by 0.009 and 0.007) and only adjacent-frame temporal-difference, not divergence, regularization was associated with reproducible PI deterioration.
LightMIS reaches 86.71% modality-macro Dice across six medical segmentation datasets with 0.131M parameters and full GPU delegation on a smartphone
The work introduces LightMIS, a family of ultra-lightweight convolutional networks that aligns the outputs of a five-level encoder to a common resolution with Scale-Aligned Projection blocks, aggregates them once, and refines the fused representation with an Adaptive Fusion Cascade, thereby removing the learned stage-wise decoder; evaluated by five-fold cross-validation under a common nnU-Net v2.3.1 protocol on DRIVE, Kvasir-SEG, DSB18, BUSI, ISIC-2017, and ISIC-2018, the full model reaches 86.71% modality-macro Dice and 78.99% IoU with 0.131M parameters and 0.575 GFLOPs, within 0.04 and 0.08 percentage points of Mobile U-ViT's 86.75% and 79.07% while using 90.58-99.61% fewer parameters and 82.54-96.
China dominates in vivo CAR-T trials while a pancreatic cancer study shows how the liver feeds metastases with serine
Nature reports that 82% of the 140 in vivo CAR-T cell drugs being tested in animals and people are being developed by groups in China, which has become a fast mover to the clinic through investigator-initiated trials; a Nature study in the same evidence bundle shows that PHGDH-deficient pancreatic cancer cells reprogram neighbouring hepatocytes through a CXCL5–CXCR2–PI3K–AKT–FOXO3A axis, driving hepatocyte PHGDH expression and serine secretion that supports liver metastatic outgrowth.
Transplanted hearts shift their biological age toward the host: mouse grafts and 11 human transplants show donor hearts ageing or rejuvenating
Jesse Poganik's team at Harvard grafted hearts from young, middle-aged and old mice into mice of all three age groups and measured DNA methylation across roughly 320,000 genomic regions, finding that grafted hearts shifted their biological age toward the recipient; the same effect appeared in biopsy samples from 11 historical heart transplants at Brigham and Women's Hospital with large donor-recipient age gaps, while some functional measures such as heart rate, posterior wall thickness and exercise capacity tracked recipient age rather than donor age.
Team builds a single-nucleus multi-omic atlas across 21 adult human tissues, profiling 459,856 transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility profiles and identifying 161,270 novel regulatory elements
The study presents a single-nucleus multi-omic atlas comprising 459,856 transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility profiles from 21 adult human tissues and four donors, including paired measurements from 160,688 nuclei, resolving nine cell lineages, 61 broad cell types and 313 subclusters, identifying 1,085,062 candidate cis-regulatory elements (including 161,270 novel elements absent from ENCODE), and using the dataset to train sequence-to-function models that predict chromatin-accessibility effects for 548,656 fine-mapped variants, identifying 18,133 high-effect variants including 1,120 broadly active variants.
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