University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science

RawMod, released by a University of Maryland-led team, stacks the raw nanopore signal of many reads at each site and compares it base by base with the expected signal of the reference, so a single 0.23M-parameter model can say whether a site carries a modification without naming its type. Across 15 datasets spanning 5mC, 5hmC, 4mC, 6mA and 5hmU in bacterial, phage, plant, mouse, human and synthetic DNA, it reaches a mean AUROC of 0.964, against 0.799 for the best released model, Dorado 4mC+5mC. It needs no unmodified control from the same sample, but a modification type absent from training transfers zero-shot only when another modification of the same base was seen.

RawMod, released by a University of Maryland-led team, stacks the raw nanopore signal of many reads at each site and compares it base by base with the expected signal of the reference, so a single 0.23M-parameter model can say whether a site carries a modification without naming its type. Across 15 datasets spanning 5mC, 5hmC, 4mC, 6mA and 5hmU in bacterial, phage, plant, mouse, human and synthetic DNA, it reaches a mean AUROC of 0.964, against 0.799 for the best released model, Dorado 4mC+5mC. It needs no unmodified control from the same sample, but a modification type absent from training transfers zero-shot only when another modification of the same base was seen.