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# Controlled drug release

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Frontiers in Pharmacology Sep 25, 2026
Review proposes a microbiome-aware oral formulation framework: excipient risk classification, nanocarrier design rules, and a tiered testing roadmap
This review integrates evidence on microbial drug metabolism, excipient–microbiome interactions, nanocarrier–microbiome interfaces, microbiota-responsive release mechanisms, and experimental models to propose an authors' evidence-informed framework for oral formulation design, comprising an excipient–microbiome risk classification, nanocarrier design rules, microbiota-responsive delivery decision logic, and a tiered testing roadmap, illustrated by clinically relevant examples such as digoxin inactivation by Eggerthella lenta, bacterial levodopa metabolism, and microbial beta-glucuronidase-mediated irinotecan toxicity.
This review integrates evidence on microbial drug metabolism, excipient–microbiome interactions, nanocarrier–microbiome interfaces, microbiota-responsive release mechanisms, and experimental models to propose an authors' evidence-informed framework for oral formulation design, comprising an excipient–microbiome risk classification, nanocarrier design rules, microbiota-responsive delivery decision logic, and a tiered testing roadmap, illustrated by clinically relevant examples such as digoxin inactivation by Eggerthella lenta, bacterial levodopa metabolism, and microbial beta-glucuronidase-mediated irinotecan toxicity.
Karolinska University Hospital Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology Cairo University Karolinska Institutet
mohamed sedeek（First author）Sadek Ahmed（Corresponding author）Osama Saher（Corresponding author）
Microbiome-Aware Oral Drug Delivery Excipient–Microbiome Interactions Microbial Drug Metabolism Controlled drug release
Pharmaceutical Development and Technology Sep 18, 2026
Natural Biodegradable Polymer-Based Microneedles for Controlled Drug Delivery: A Rational Design Framework and Translational Perspectives
This review systematically surveys recent advances in natural biodegradable polymer-based microneedle drug delivery systems in terms of material selection, fabrication strategies, and controlled release mechanisms, and introduces a rational design framework that systematically integrates therapeutic objectives, polymer properties, mechanical performance, and release kinetics, while discussing translational challenges such as mechanical limitations, manufacturing scalability, stability concerns, and regulatory considerations, as well as emerging trends including stimuli-responsive systems, nanocarrier integration, personalized drug delivery, and data-driven strategies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, arguing for a shift from empirical formulation toward a predictive, en
This review systematically surveys recent advances in natural biodegradable polymer-based microneedle drug delivery systems in terms of material selection, fabrication strategies, and controlled release mechanisms, and introduces a rational design framework that systematically integrates therapeutic objectives, polymer properties, mechanical performance, and release kinetics, while discussing translational challenges such as mechanical limitations, manufacturing scalability, stability concerns, and regulatory considerations, as well as emerging trends including stimuli-responsive systems, nanocarrier integration, personalized drug delivery, and data-driven strategies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, arguing for a shift from empirical formulation toward a predictive, en
Egyptian Chinese University October 6 University
Khaled E. Abuelella（First author, Corresponding author）
Natural biodegradable polymers Polymer microneedle drug delivery Controlled drug release

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