# ICFBench

Each inertial confinement fusion shot costs on the order of $1M, which makes fast AI surrogates valuable. ICF-DLM splits the 512-step neutron-rate waveform into total yield, peak timing and a short local waveform around the peak, generates them jointly with a bidirectional diffusion language model, and refines it with physics-driven reinforcement learning. On the 50-shot held-out experimental test set of ICFBench its peak-timing error is 9.2 steps, against 11.6 steps for an autoregressive LLaMA-3-8B trained with the same SFT plus PPO recipe.

Each inertial confinement fusion shot costs on the order of $1M, which makes fast AI surrogates valuable. ICF-DLM splits the 512-step neutron-rate waveform into total yield, peak timing and a short local waveform around the peak, generates them jointly with a bidirectional diffusion language model, and refines it with physics-driven reinforcement learning. On the 50-shot held-out experimental test set of ICFBench its peak-timing error is 9.2 steps, against 11.6 steps for an autoregressive LLaMA-3-8B trained with the same SFT plus PPO recipe.