Ali Al Ghaithi

The study assigned 70 Omani pre-intermediate English learners to two groups of 35, with a control group receiving face-to-face instruction and an experimental group using NotebookLM AI as the main learning source for 80 target words; both groups improved on the posttest but the experimental group scored higher, the control group's scores dropped on the delayed posttest while the experimental group continued to improve, and the experimental group also outperformed the control group on a self-directed learning questionnaire.

The study assigned 70 Omani pre-intermediate English learners to two groups of 35, with a control group receiving face-to-face instruction and an experimental group using NotebookLM AI as the main learning source for 80 target words; both groups improved on the posttest but the experimental group scored higher, the control group's scores dropped on the delayed posttest while the experimental group continued to improve, and the experimental group also outperformed the control group on a self-directed learning questionnaire.