EvoDuet lets LLMs retrieve the web by knowledge gap during evolutionary search, raising OpenEvolve's normalized discovery gain from 74.1% to 78.0% (GPT-5.6-Luna) and from 61.3% to 82.3% (Gemini-3.8-Flash) across 21 optimization tasks and surpassing prior best scores on eight
The work introduces EvoDuet, a bi-level method that co-evolves solutions and web search queries with fixed model parameters: at each iteration a knowledge-gap-based retrieval gate decides whether to retrieve new documents, reuse stored ones, or proceed without them, an inner loop refines queries and ranks documents by the solution scores they are predicted to yield, and an outer loop generates candidates in parallel and records evaluated outcomes for later searches; across 21 optimization tasks with one candidate per iteration it raises OpenEvolve's normalized discovery gain from 74.1% to 78.0% with GPT-5.6-Luna and from 61.3% to 82.3% with Gemini-3.8-Flash, Qwen3.