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Singapore Management University

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  1. arXiv

    Chain-of-thought solves unseen multi-step tasks by reusing one step predictor, with error growing sublinearly in depth

    Chain-of-thought out-of-distribution generalization is framed as compositional generalization: training supplies only single-step atomic transitions, while the target task requires composing many steps. Theory bounds target risk by the sum of step risks times a depth-independent coefficient, and shows that sharing one predictor makes the estimation term shrink as the inverse square root of depth rather than grow linearly. Atom-Task and GSM8K experiments support short-to-long and unseen-combination transfer, and show explicit state tracking is essential.

  2. arXiv

    Janus turns red-blue adversarial search on deserialization defenses, cutting held-out attack success to 6.2% across 16 deployments

    Unsafe deserialization lets attacker-controlled data trigger chains of existing methods and reach code execution, while gateway, application and system controls each see only part of the attack. Janus runs a black-box attacker agent against an isolated replica to surface exploit variants, has a defender agent summarize each verified variant into security-relevant effects, and uses counterfactual replay to separate complementary coverage from redundant enforcement before jointly selecting and scoping controls. Across 16 deployments in six Java and PHP applications, held-out attack success falls to 6.2% versus 18.8%–55.0% for gateway, application, system and cross-layer baselines, while 98.4% of benign functionality tests pass.

  3. arXiv

    Agent memory poisoning moves past stored content: which experiences are kept, and in what order they merge, can flip decisions

    MemForm splits how an LLM agent's long-term memory is formed into five intervenable interfaces, and across six models and two response formats all five showed behavior being rewritten.

  4. arXiv

    Coding agents now set each other's exam: GPT-5.5 fixes 98.3% of defects, Claude Opus 4.8 writes the hardest tasks

    Coding-agent evaluation becomes a duel in which two agents author and solve each other's tasks: over 1,500 turns, GPT-5.5 with Codex CLI repaired 98.3% of the defects it reviewed, while Claude Opus 4.8 with mini-swe-agent was the strongest task author with a 27.3% Red win rate.

  5. arXiv

    Code gets caught inside the reasoning stream: a security rule fires, the model rewrites in place, and secure-and-working runs rise from under 15% to 72.8%–98.1%

    Reasoning models draft code early inside their chain of thought, and SecReason scans the streaming tokens before delivery and inserts a warning so the model repairs the draft within the same reasoning trace, raising the share of runs that are both secure and functionally correct from below 15% to 72.8%–98.1%.

  6. arXiv

    HASTE evolves agent harnesses automatically from sparse threat evidence, lowering attack success rates while preserving benign-task utility across backbone models and attack types

    HASTE is a multi-agent framework that evolves agent harnesses from sparse threat evidence, such as brief descriptions or a few attack examples in threat reports and preprints, through an adversarial interplay between safety-specification generation and attack-case generation, feeding evaluation outcomes back into both processes so harnesses evolve against emerging attacks beyond the initially observed evidence; experiments across multiple backbone models, attack types, and evidence forms show it consistently reduces attack success rates while preserving benign-task utility.

  7. arXiv

    Jev holds high NDCG@10 across three Amazon domains while its latency grows far more gradually than pointwise Qwen

    On Movies and TV, Video Games, and Books from Amazon Reviews 2023, the study builds controlled hard candidate sets from SASRec's highly ranked negatives (candidate sizes 10 to 100) and compares Jev, a decision-oriented "System One Model" from TypeSafe AI, against SASRec, DCNv2, and pointwise and listwise Qwen2.5 7B Instruct rerankers, finding that Jev maintains strong recommendation effectiveness (NDCG@10, Hit Rate@10, MRR) while its observed serving latency grows substantially more gradually than pointwise Qwen, though it remains far above recommendation-specific models.

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