Emergency Rescue Technology for Building Fire and Industrial Thermal Disaster: A Comprehensive Review
Synopsis
This review systematically surveys state-of-the-art emergency rescue technologies for building fires and industrial thermal disasters, covering early fire detection integrating the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning; advanced suppression technologies such as water mist, gaseous agents, and high-expansion foam; autonomous and semi-autonomous rescue robotics; UAVs equipped with thermal imaging; Building Information Modeling (BIM) and digital twins for emergency planning and evacuation simulation; PPE advancements including biometric wearables; and communication and situational-awareness systems, with special attention to industrial thermal hazards including petrochemical fires, hazardous material incidents, BLEVE events, and dust explosions, and conc
Interpretation
The review integrates emergency rescue technologies for building fires and industrial thermal disasters into a single cross-domain picture spanning detection, suppression, and rescue operations. Compared with prior work focused on a single technology or scenario, it examines detection, suppression, and rescue operations within one framework. It is a review-level synthesis based on consolidating existing technical literature; the text reports no specific sample sizes or effect sizes.
Early fire detection is described as a direction combining IoT, AI, and machine learning systems. By coupling sensor networks with intelligent algorithms, it extends recognition and response capabilities beyond conventional single detection means. This is a directional field summary; the text provides no specific model performance data.
On suppression, advanced means such as water mist, gaseous agents, and high-expansion foam are surveyed. By placing multiple suppression media side by side, it helps readers understand the space of technology choices across scenarios. This is a technology classification review; the text reports no comparative experimental values.
On rescue and emergency planning, it covers autonomous/semi-autonomous robots, thermal-imaging UAVs, BIM and digital twins, PPE including biometric wearables, and communication and situational-awareness systems. It brings robots, UAVs, digital twins, and wearables into a unified rescue technology spectrum, with special attention to industrial thermal hazards such as petrochemical fires, hazardous material incidents, BLEVE events, and dust explosions. This is a technology-domain review; the text gives no measured indicators for the individual systems.
Perspective
This review is intended for technology selection and research-direction planning in emergency rescue for building fires and industrial thermal disasters, applicable to complex built environments such as high-rise structures, underground facilities, and chemical processing plants; its conclusions aim to provide a framework for technology integration and further research rather than directly transferable engineering parameters.
The text provides no specific performance indicators, comparative experimental data, or application case details for the individual technologies, so the practical trade-offs among different detection, suppression, and rescue options remain to be examined; moreover, the industrial thermal hazard portion appears only in category form in the available text, and its depth remains to be confirmed.