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arXiv

BrainHO replaces fixed brain atlases with learnable subgraphs, reaching 69.68% accuracy on ABIDE from PCC input alone while localizing cross-network disease subgraphs

The work proposes Brain Hierarchical Organization Learning (BrainHO), which uses learnable subgraph and graph tokens to aggregate brain regions bottom-up via hierarchical attention driven by node feature affinity, combined with a subgraph orthogonality constraint and a hierarchical consistency constraint; on ABIDE (N=1009, 516 ASD/493 healthy controls) and REST-meta-MDD (N=2380, 1276 MDD/1104 healthy controls) it attains the highest accuracy (69.68% and 64.71%) and sensitivity (73.11% and 67.43%) using only the static PCC connectivity matrix, while visualizing disease-related subgraphs that partly overlap predefined networks such as the SMN and DAN and partly span multiple predefined networks.