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arXiv

TSegAgent achieves zero-shot tooth segmentation and FDI identification by pairing SAM3 with geometric reasoning, reaching mIoU 93.37 and TIR=1 of 87.17% on Teeth3DS while generalizing to a private dataset

The work proposes TSegAgent, which reformulates tooth instance segmentation and FDI labeling of intra-oral scanned 3D models as a zero-shot geometric reasoning problem: multi-view renderings with curvature heatmaps and the SAM3 text prompt "tooth" produce candidate masks, which are merged into face-level instance labels via IoU and containment relations, after which a geometry-aware vision-language agent performs non-tooth region identification, central incisor localization, full-arch classification, and error correction through multi-round conversation; it reports mIoU 93.37, TLA 96.40, TSA 96.76, TIR 97.46, and TIR=1 87.17 on Teeth3DS with 1200 3D tooth models, and mIoU 82.10, TLA 96.68, TSA 95.99, TIR 85.41, and TIR=1 51.