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Surgical infections

Preventing Surgical Site Infections: Ethical and Operational Imperatives for the Global Health Agenda

This article reviews evidence and implementation experience on surgical site infection (SSI) prevention across infection prevention and control (IPC), antimicrobial stewardship (AMS), antimicrobial resistance (AMR), quality improvement, surveillance, safety culture, human factors, and emerging technologies, concluding that multimodal, context-adapted IPC interventions can substantially reduce SSI incidence without major capital investment, that persistent gaps remain in infrastructure, guideline implementation, surveillance, and environmental controls, that AMR further emphasizes the need to integrate AMS into surgical safety frameworks, and that artificial intelligence and objective diagnostic technologies may improve surveillance and early SSI detection, so that SSI prevention is both a