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arXiv

S3N pairs finite-element LL–HP mapping with quad-spiral state-space scanning to cut 10-day forecast nRMSE to 0.5177

The work proposes S3N, a spherical spiral scanning network that uses the surface finite-element L2Proj method to bidirectionally map atmospheric fields between the latitude–longitude grid and the equal-area HEALPix grid, and an Attention-Guided Quad-Spiral State-Space Scanning block that propagates information across HEALPix base-face boundaries along four global pole-to-pole spiral paths guided by cross-latitude attention; on ERA5/WeatherBench 2, S3N attains lower nRMSE at 4-, 7-, and 10-day lead times (0.5177 at 10 days versus 0.6398 for OneForecast) with slower error growth, while being less competitive at 6-hour and 1-day lead times.