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arXiv

GenoTrace uses codon-aware watermarks so distilled genome models stay detectable, reaching 94.5% detection in a three-seed experiment

The work introduces GenoTrace, a codon-aware extension of green-list watermarking that modulates a teacher model's generation bias with two token-level factors—codon position and organism-specific codon usage—so that the resulting synthetic sequences remain auditable after distillation into a smaller student; in a three-seed GenomeOcean-500M-to-100M experiment the joint configuration achieves a mean audit score of 17.88 and 94.5% detection at a fixed threshold, retaining 49.0% detection after key-aware token substitution (versus 0% for the available single-seed plain-watermark comparator) and 47.0% after combined mechanism-targeted nucleotide edits.