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arXiv

CIM Decomposes MLLM Uncertainty via Causal-Invariant Masking, with EED Proxy Matching Performance at Nearly 50% Speedup

Addressing hallucinations in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), this work proposes Causal-Invariant Masking (CIM), which measures the semantic shift between original predictions and those conditioned on a causally-focused view to decompose uncertainty types, introduces Semantic Divergence as the core UQ metric with theoretical evidence that it converges to the variance of the model's sensitivity to non-causal correlations, and further proposes Expected Embedding Drift (EED), a fast geometric proxy metric; experiments report state-of-the-art performance on various benchmarks, with EED accelerating by nearly 50% at comparable performance.