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arXiv

Multimodal LLMs encode chart information but fail to route it to the prediction position, as layer-wise probing and attention analysis explain the table-chart verification gap

Addressing why multimodal LLMs verify scientific claims substantially better from table evidence than from charts of the same underlying data, this work uses layer-wise linear probing and attention analysis on three open-weight VLMs and finds that chart information is encoded in intermediate representations but does not reach the prediction position, a disconnect absent for tables and taking two architecturally distinct forms across model families, reframing the table-chart gap as a failure of using encoded visual information at prediction time rather than a failure of encoding.