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arXiv

Post-training diffusion language models with MMD in frozen feature space: MDLM-MMD and ELF-MMD lower generative perplexity at matched entropy, and 16B DMax raises decoding parallelism on math and code benchmarks

The work introduces a post-training method for diffusion language models that minimizes Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) between generated and reference distributions in the contextual token-feature space of a frozen pretrained DLM, optimizing discrete models with REINFORCE plus a leave-one-out baseline and continuous models by differentiating through generated latents, so that no full sampling trajectories or jointly trained auxiliary models are needed; it reports lower generative perplexity at comparable entropy on OpenWebText, better accuracy-computation trade-offs on GSM8K, and increased decoding parallelism at similar or higher accuracy on 16B DMax-LLaDA2.0 hybrid masked-uniform diffusion models.