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Plastic and reconstructive surgery

Detecting Manipulated Online Rhinoplasty Images Using an Artificial Intelligence Facial Authenticity Localization (FAL) Model

This study provides the first large-scale application of an AI-based Facial Authenticity Localization (FAL) model to aesthetic-surgery media, analyzing 600 consecutive postoperative rhinoplasty photographs from RealSelf.com's public gallery and finding suspected digital manipulation in 19.5% (117/600; 95% CI, 16.3-22.7%), with a 1.5% false-positive rate (3/200; 95% CI, 0.51-4.32%) on 200 presumed-unedited clinical photographs and 100% sensitivity (50/50; 95% CI, 93.0-100%) on 50 Facetune-generated geometric warps.