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Biologia futura

Microbial diversity: the essential foundation for life on our planet

This review states that microbial diversity underpins human health, agricultural productivity, ecological balance, and ecosystem functioning, and it surveys the role of the gut microbial community in immune regulation, metabolism, and disease prevention, the contributions of interactions among plants, fungi, bacteria, and other soil microorganisms to carbon sequestration, nutrient cycling, stress resilience, and sustainable agricultural productivity in terrestrial ecosystems, and emerging microbiome-based therapies such as precision probiotics, postbiotics, faecal microbiota transplantation, and personalized microbiome medicine, while noting that multi-omic techniques, synthetic microbial genomes, microbiome engineering, and artificial intelligence enable emerging uses in agriculture, envi